Hardware

Hardware forms the solid foundation of any IT infrastructure and is essential for the smooth operation of company networks. Without the physical basis of the IT components, no software could run, no data could be stored and no communication via networks could be made possible.

What does hardware mean?

This includes not only the internal parts such as the central processing unit (CPU), the main memory (RAM) and the hard disk (HDD or SSD), but also external devices such as monitors, PCs, keyboards, printers or scanners. Your hardware forms the basis on which the software is operated and enables physical interaction with the computer system.

Hardware components must be reliable, powerful and secure in order to meet the requirements of modern IT infrastructure.

Types of hardware

There are a variety of hardware components that fulfil different functions in a computer system. The most important types of hardware include:

• Processor (CPU): The CPU is the heart of a computer. It executes programme instructions and processes data.
• Storage media: This includes the primary memory (RAM), which stores temporary data, and secondary storage such as hard drives (HDDs or SSDs) or USB sticks, which provide permanent data storage.
• Input devices: Devices such as keyboards, mice and scanners enable the user to enter data into the computer system. These devices convert physical actions into digital signals.
• Output devices: Monitors, printers and speakers are output devices that convert processed data into a form that the user can understand, such as visual displays or printed documents.
• Network hardware: This category includes routers and switches. These devices enable communication between different computer networks and protect against unauthorised access.

Difference between hardware and software

Hardware and software each fulfil different functions. Hardware refers to physical devices and components that you can touch and see. Software, on the other hand, refers to programmes and applications that run on the hardware and perform specific tasks. Software includes operating systems and application software, for example.

You can physically touch hardware, whereas software is immaterial and exists in the form of code or data.

The role of hardware in cyber security

Hardware devices form the basis of all security measures. Access barriers and housing locks protect against unauthorised access. Hardware-based security solutions such as Trusted Platform Modules (TPM) and Hardware Security Modules (HSM) also offer robust encryption and authentication functions that are necessary for securing sensitive data. In addition, firmware updates and BIOS/UEFI security mechanisms are critical to fixing vulnerabilities and ensuring system integrity. Remember that your data, and therefore your company, can only be protected in the best possible way through a combination of hardware and software measures as well as permanent monitoring.

Hardware maintenance and care

You need to regularly maintain and care for your hardware to maximise its performance and lifespan. Here are some tips for optimising hardware maintenance:

• Carry out regular cleaning of the devices.
• Carry out firmware and driver updates.
• Check your devices regularly for signs of wear or damage.
• Ensure that your hardware is operated in a well-ventilated environment to avoid overheating.
• Switch off your devices safely and restart them regularly.
• Create regular backups of your data.